{"id":2989,"date":"2023-10-19T12:02:53","date_gmt":"2023-10-19T15:02:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/?p=2989"},"modified":"2023-10-19T12:02:54","modified_gmt":"2023-10-19T15:02:54","slug":"prototaxites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/index.php\/2023\/10\/19\/prototaxites\/","title":{"rendered":"Los hongos m\u00e1s antiguos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Los Prototaxites son los hongos m\u00e1s antiguos y extra\u00f1os de los que se tiene registro. Se estima que vivieron distribuidos por el planeta aproximadamente entre 420 y 360 millones de a\u00f1os atr\u00e1s. Durante esa \u00e9poca, que abarca parte de los per\u00edodos Sil\u00farico y Dev\u00f3nico de la escala temporal geol\u00f3gica (era Paleozoica), la superficie terrestre ten\u00eda un aspecto muy distinto al que conocemos hoy en d\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lh7-us.googleusercontent.com\/F3AcsV6YMPQo20yg9t4mfI1VMs9n3AI7y5Sz8RtbsuV34RRYp7PcJAHWgZymfmxGS5DKddTM_cSYUrCoxtbQGnu6zRSXP4iubalyjl9aI5FGNdYMv4LDCwus1oEPJ5M3Cxv8T8WhQZ0n-QlpjsBq-Yc\" width=\"447\" height=\"121\"><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Las plantas vasculares simples, los ancestros de las conocidas con\u00edferas, helechos y plantas con flores de hoy, comenzaron a diversificarse en la tierra durante el Per\u00edodo Dev\u00f3nico. Los milpi\u00e9s, los insectos sin alas y los gusanos se encontraban entre otros tantos que se mov\u00edan por la tierra para entonces, pero ning\u00fan animal con columna vertebral hab\u00eda evolucionado a\u00fan fuera de los oc\u00e9anos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aunque las plantas vasculares se hab\u00edan establecido en la tierra 40 millones de a\u00f1os antes de la aparici\u00f3n de los prototaxites, la m\u00e1s alta entre ellas no med\u00eda m\u00e1s de medio metro de altura. Reci\u00e9n a finales del Dev\u00f3nico, hace aproximadamente 345 millones de a\u00f1os, evolucionaron los \u00e1rboles grandes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Los Prototaxites llegaron a alcanzar 8 metros de&nbsp; altura y crecieron adoptando una forma parecida a la de un tronco de \u00e1rbol, construidos por un entramado de tubos de di\u00e1metro menor a 50 \u03bcm. Est\u00e1n considerados como los organismos no animales m\u00e1s grandes de aquella \u00e9poca. Estos gigantes fosilizados eran los cuerpos fruct\u00edferos de los hongos que se expand\u00edan bajo tierra. Algunos cient\u00edficos postulan que alcanzaban esta altura para poder distribuir sus esporas a mayor distancia.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La clasificaci\u00f3n de los Prototaxites gener\u00f3 controversia por m\u00e1s de un siglo.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Los primeros de los que se tiene registro fueron vistos a orillas de la bah\u00eda de Gasp\u00e9 en Quebec, al este de Canad\u00e1. Ten\u00edan aspecto de grandes troncos de \u00e1rbol petrificados. El bot\u00e1nico J. W. Dawson fue el primero en describirlos (1859). Pens\u00f3 que se trataba de madera podrida relacionada con los Taxus y de ah\u00ed que los bautiz\u00f3 como Prototaxites. A fines del siglo XIX, hubo cient\u00edficos que postularon que se trataba de un alga gigante. Reci\u00e9n en el 2001, cuando el paleobot\u00e1nico Francis Hueber, tras 20 a\u00f1os de investigaci\u00f3n public\u00f3 sus estudios, no s\u00f3lo descart\u00f3 la hip\u00f3tesis de que se tratara de plantas, sino que tambi\u00e9n los clasific\u00f3 como un hongo gigante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En el a\u00f1o 2007, Cient\u00edficos de la Universidad de Chicago y el Museo Nacional de Historia Natural en Washington, D.C., presentaron nueva evidencia para resolver la misteriosa identidad de estos organismos que seg\u00fan sus palabras, son los m\u00e1s extra\u00f1os que jam\u00e1s hayan existido. Sus an\u00e1lisis qu\u00edmicos confirmaron los postulados de Francis Hueber (Universidad de Chicago.&nbsp;\u00abOrganismo misterioso prehist\u00f3rico verificado como hongo gigante\u00bb.&nbsp;Ciencia diaria.&nbsp;ScienceDaily ,&nbsp;24 de&nbsp;abril&nbsp;de&nbsp;2007.&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;www.sciencedaily.com\/releases\/2007\/04\/070423080454.htm&nbsp;&gt;).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:72px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Imagen de portada: Recreaci\u00f3n del hongo. (Ilustraci\u00f3n: Elsevier\/hueber\/New Scientist)<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div><p id=\"pvc_stats_2989\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"2989\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p><div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Los Prototaxites son los hongos m\u00e1s antiguos y extra\u00f1os de los que se tiene registro. Se estima que vivieron distribuidos por el planeta aproximadamente entre 420 y 360 millones de a\u00f1os atr\u00e1s. Durante esa \u00e9poca, que abarca parte de los per\u00edodos Sil\u00farico y Dev\u00f3nico de la escala temporal geol\u00f3gica (era Paleozoica), la superficie terrestre ten\u00eda [&hellip;]<\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n<p id=\"pvc_stats_2989\" class=\"pvc_stats all  \" data-element-id=\"2989\" style=\"\"><i class=\"pvc-stats-icon medium\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" version=\"1.0\" viewBox=\"0 0 502 315\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><g transform=\"translate(0,332) scale(0.1,-0.1)\" fill=\"\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2394 3279 l-29 -30 -3 -207 c-2 -182 0 -211 15 -242 39 -76 157 -76 196 0 15 31 17 60 15 243 l-3 209 -33 29 c-26 23 -41 29 -80 29 -41 0 -53 -5 -78 -31z\"\/><path d=\"M3085 3251 c-45 -19 -58 -50 -96 -229 -47 -217 -49 -260 -13 -295 52 -53 146 -42 177 20 16 31 87 366 87 410 0 70 -86 122 -155 94z\"\/><path d=\"M1751 3234 c-13 -9 -29 -31 -37 -50 -12 -29 -10 -49 21 -204 19 -94 39 -189 45 -210 14 -50 54 -80 110 -80 34 0 48 6 76 34 21 21 34 44 34 59 0 14 -18 113 -40 219 -37 178 -43 195 -70 221 -36 32 -101 37 -139 11z\"\/><path d=\"M1163 3073 c-36 -7 -73 -59 -73 -102 0 -56 133 -378 171 -413 34 -32 83 -37 129 -13 70 36 67 87 -16 290 -86 209 -89 214 -129 231 -35 14 -42 15 -82 7z\"\/><path d=\"M3689 3066 c-15 -9 -33 -30 -42 -48 -48 -103 -147 -355 -147 -375 0 -98 131 -148 192 -74 13 15 57 108 97 206 80 196 84 226 37 273 -30 30 -99 39 -137 18z\"\/><path d=\"M583 2784 c-38 -19 -67 -74 -58 -113 9 -42 211 -354 242 -373 16 -10 45 -18 66 -18 51 0 107 52 107 100 0 39 -1 41 -124 234 -80 126 -108 162 -133 173 -41 17 -61 16 -100 -3z\"\/><path d=\"M4250 2784 c-14 -9 -74 -91 -133 -183 -95 -150 -107 -173 -107 -213 0 -55 33 -94 87 -104 67 -13 90 8 211 198 130 202 137 225 78 284 -27 27 -42 34 -72 34 -22 0 -50 -8 -64 -16z\"\/><path d=\"M2275 2693 c-553 -48 -1095 -270 -1585 -649 -135 -104 -459 -423 -483 -476 -23 -49 -22 -139 2 -186 73 -142 361 -457 571 -626 285 -228 642 -407 990 -497 242 -63 336 -73 660 -74 310 0 370 5 595 52 535 111 1045 392 1455 803 122 121 250 273 275 326 19 41 19 137 0 174 -41 79 -309 363 -465 492 -447 370 -946 591 -1479 653 -113 14 -422 18 -536 8z m395 -428 c171 -34 330 -124 456 -258 112 -119 167 -219 211 -378 27 -96 24 -300 -5 -401 -72 -255 -236 -447 -474 -557 -132 -62 -201 -76 -368 -76 -167 0 -236 14 -368 76 -213 98 -373 271 -451 485 -162 444 86 934 547 1084 153 49 292 57 452 25z m909 -232 c222 -123 408 -262 593 -441 76 -74 138 -139 138 -144 0 -16 -233 -242 -330 -319 -155 -123 -309 -223 -461 -299 l-81 -41 32 46 c18 26 49 83 70 128 143 306 141 649 -6 957 -25 52 -61 116 -79 142 l-34 47 45 -20 c26 -10 76 -36 113 -56z m-2057 25 c-40 -58 -105 -190 -130 -263 -110 -324 -59 -707 132 -981 25 -35 42 -64 37 -64 -19 0 -241 119 -326 174 -188 122 -406 314 -532 468 l-58 71 108 103 c185 178 428 349 672 473 66 33 121 60 123 61 2 0 -10 -19 -26 -42z\"\/><path d=\"M2375 1950 c-198 -44 -350 -190 -395 -379 -18 -76 -8 -221 19 -290 114 -284 457 -406 731 -260 98 52 188 154 231 260 27 69 37 214 19 290 -38 163 -166 304 -326 360 -67 23 -215 33 -279 19z\"\/><\/g><\/svg><\/i> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" alt=\"Loading\" src=\"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/wp-content\/plugins\/page-views-count\/ajax-loader-2x.gif\" border=0 \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"pvc_clear\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2257,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2989","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecologia"],"a3_pvc":{"activated":true,"total_views":90,"today_views":0},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/prototaxite-1.jpg",600,314,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/prototaxite-1-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/prototaxite-1-300x157.jpg",300,157,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/prototaxite-1.jpg",600,314,false],"large":["https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/prototaxite-1.jpg",600,314,false],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/prototaxite-1.jpg",600,314,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/prototaxite-1.jpg",600,314,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Anakaona","author_link":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/author\/gabrielatubio\/"},"uagb_comment_info":8,"uagb_excerpt":"Los Prototaxites son los hongos m\u00e1s antiguos y extra\u00f1os de los que se tiene registro. Se estima que vivieron distribuidos por el planeta aproximadamente entre 420 y 360 millones de a\u00f1os atr\u00e1s. Durante esa \u00e9poca, que abarca parte de los per\u00edodos Sil\u00farico y Dev\u00f3nico de la escala temporal geol\u00f3gica (era Paleozoica), la superficie terrestre ten\u00eda&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2989","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2989"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2989\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2998,"href":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2989\/revisions\/2998"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2989"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2989"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2989"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}