{"id":5,"date":"2023-05-19T20:58:45","date_gmt":"2023-05-19T23:58:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/?page_id=5"},"modified":"2024-01-31T21:27:23","modified_gmt":"2024-02-01T00:27:23","slug":"reino_fungi","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fungiteka.xyz\/index.php\/reino_fungi\/","title":{"rendered":"EL REINO FUNGI"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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As\u00ed como las plantas pertenecen al reino Vegetal, los animales al reino Animal, los hongos pertenecen al reino Fungi. Por much\u00edsimos a\u00f1os se consider\u00f3 que los hongos pertenec\u00edan al reino Vegetal, y reci\u00e9n a mediados del siglo XX, cuando las investigaciones alcanzaron los niveles moleculares, se concluy\u00f3 que no pertenec\u00edan a ninguno de los otros dos reinos conocidos hasta ese momento.
Los hongos se distinguen de las plantas en que son heter\u00f3trofos, ya que necesitan materia org\u00e1nica para alimentarse, y de los animales, en que poseen paredes celulares como las plantas, pero a diferencia de estas, las paredes celulares de los hongos contienen quitina en lugar de celulosa.
Es el reino de la naturaleza m\u00e1s cercano filogen\u00e9ticamente a los <\/a>animales (\u00bfraro no?)
Dentro del reino Fungi encontramos hongos de las m\u00e1s variadas formas y tama\u00f1os. Algunos son tan peque\u00f1os que solo pueden observarse al microscopio, mientras que otros tienen  fama de ser los organismos vivos m\u00e1s grandes del planeta.
Es com\u00fan tener una imagen distorsionada del aspecto de los hongos. Se suele creer que se trata \u00fanicamente de los corp\u00fasculos con forma de sombrero que observamos alrededor de los \u00e1rboles despu\u00e9s de los d\u00edas lluviosos. Pero no es estrictamente as\u00ed.
Cuando encontramos un cuerpo con forma de sombrero, estamos simplemente observando al cuerpo fruct\u00edfero de un hongo, en otras palabras, su \u00f3rgano reproductor sexual, por donde libera las esporas a partir de las cuales crecer\u00e1n nuevos hongos. Esta parte de los hongos, que <\/strong>adem\u00e1s de carnosa es la que generalmente se recolecta, se llama seta.<\/strong> El hongo, adem\u00e1s de las setas, comprende estructuras que generalmente est\u00e1n bajo tierra, conformadas por una red de filamentos muy delgados que se llaman hifas y que en conjunto dan forma al micelio. Aunque no veamos setas en la superficie, el micelio sigue vivo debajo de la tierra. Se mantiene oculto a nuestro ojos, y su din\u00e1mica, aunque todav\u00eda es bastante desconocida, es esencial para el funcionamiento de los ecosistemas.
En otras palabras, llamamos hongo al organismo completo, conformado por la parte inferior que est\u00e1 bajo tierra, el micelio, y la que se ve sobre la superficie los d\u00edas lluviosas, las setas,
En el reino Fungi, adem\u00e1s de los organismos productores de setas, encontramos a los mohos y levaduras. Estos son mucho m\u00e1s peque\u00f1os y solemos encontrarlos con mucha m\u00e1s frecuencia en nuestro h\u00e1bitat cotidiano.<\/p>

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